The Strategic Use of Violence: The Impact of the War on Drugs on Civilian Victimization in Colombia

Abstract

Exploring the intricate relationship between territorial control and violence during the Colombian civil war, this study recognizes that the choice of tactics and targets in acts of violence can provide insights into the aims of violent actors. It specifically investigates the impact of aerial eradication operations on civilian victimization perpetrated by non-state armed groups, with a particular emphasis on the FARC insurgency and paramilitary groups. Utilizing a stacked difference-in-differences model, the findings reveal an interesting pattern. Aerial eradication operations, though ostensibly targeting illicit drug cultivation, paradoxically contribute to heightened violence against civilians by these armed groups. The study uncovers a key distinction in victimization strategy between these two non-state actors. While the FARC insurgency employs non-lethal tactics, paramilitary groups adopt a more lethal approach. The extent and nature of violence perpetrated hinges upon two critical factors. The strategic importance of the contested territory and the level of collaboration between combatants and the civilian population.