Studying the recent Colombian experience, we find that the permanent ceasefire declared by the FARC insurgency in 2014 led to a surge in the targeting of community leaders in former FARC strongholds.

The paper investigates whether violence against women activists, used strategically by armed groups to impact elections and enforce gender norms, affects women’s political engagement in Colombian municipal elections.

We show that bond prices fall by an average of 0.7 points after the onset of state-involved conflict.

It employs a regression discontinuity approach to show that the narrow results of the referendum provoked an outbreak of violence in municipalities that rejected the agreement.

The paper specifically investigates the impact of aerial eradication operations on civilian victimization perpetrated by non-state armed groups, with a particular emphasis on the FARC insurgency and paramilitary groups.